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Technical paper

Forward thinking for backwardation

In certain settings it's reasonable to assume that the current futures price embodies the market expectations of the spot price. However, as Gary Dorris, Sean Burrows and Vena Kostroun explain, there are distinct situations when this assumption does not…

Smiling at convexity

The price of a constant maturity swap (CMS)-based derivative is largely determined by the value of swaption volatilities at extreme strikes. Fabio Mercurio and Andrea Pallavicini propose a simple procedure for stripping consistently implied volatilities…

Cracking VAR with kernels

Value-at-risk analysis has become a key measure of portfolio risk in recent years, but how can we calculate the contribution of some portfolio component? Eduardo Epperlein and Alan Smillie show how kernel estimators can be used to provide a fast,…

Low-default portfolios without simulation

Low-default portfolios are a key Basel II implementation challenge, and various statistical techniques have been proposed for use in PD estimation for such portfolios. To produce estimates using these techniques, typically Monte Carlo simulation is…

Empirical electricity price modelling

Hanjie Chen and John N. Jiang discuss how system-wide load-capacity ratio and system-wide generation forced outages impact day-ahead electricity spot price and show how to incorporate these two key factors in the price modelling

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