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Quantitative analysis

Time for multi-period capital models

Several financial institutions use single-period models to determine their credit portfolio loss distribution, calculate their loss volatility and assign economic capital. Here, Kevin Thompson, Alistair McLeod, Panayiotis Teklos and Shobhit Gupta…

Trading down the slopes

The credit derivatives market is growing at an impressive rate, with the credit default swap (CDS) being the most popular instrument. This article is relevant for the trading of CDSs and bond portfolios. Mascia Bedendo, Lara Cathcart, Lina El-Jahel and…

Unbiased risk-neutral loss distributions

Luigi Vacca introduces entropy maximisation (ME) to derive portfolio loss probabilities that are consistent with standard tranche prices on a credit default swap index. Tranche prices that are calculated using ME are free of arbitrage. A numerical…

A Merton approach to transfer risk

Transfer risk is the risk that debtors in a country are unable to ensure timely payments of foreign currency debt service due to transfer or exchange restrictions, or a general lack of foreign currency. Although this risk is not extensively addressed in…

Variance swaps and non-constant vega

Variance swaps have gained in popularity due to their ability to provide investors with purevolatility exposure – a fairly stable gamma exposure despite changes in the value of theunderlying. The vega exposure of this product, however, varies linearly…

Time for multi-period capital models

Several financial institutions use single-period models to determine their credit portfolio lossdistribution, calculate their loss volatility and assign economic capital. Here, Kevin Thompson,Alistair McLeod, Panayiotis Teklos and Shobhit Gupta…

Smile dynamics II

In an article published in Risk in September 2004, Lorenzo Bergomi highlighted how traditionalstochastic volatility and jump/Lévy models impose structural constraints on the relationshipbetween the forward skew, the spot/volatility correlation and the…

A fully lognormal Libor market model

In the Gaussian Heath-Jarrow-Morton model, all discount factors are lognormal under allforward measures. The Libor market model does not have this property – only the relevantforward Libor rate is lognormal under a given forward measure. However, all…

Back to the future

Current developments in exotic interest rate products push the demand for more sophisticatedinterest rate models. Here, Jesper Andreasen presents a new class of stochastic volatility multifactoryield curve models enabling quick calibration and efficient…

A Merton approach to transfer risk

Transfer risk is the risk that debtors in a country are unable to ensure timely payments of foreign currency debt service due to transfer or exchange restrictions, or a general lack of foreign currency. Although this risk is not extensively addressed in…

Thinking positively

How does one produce positive probability of default estimates if there are no default observations? Katja Pluto and Dirk Tasche propose a statistically based methodology to derive non-zero probabilities of default for credit portfolios with none or very…

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