Technical paper/Digital currency
A money view of offline payment functionality
This paper investigates proposals on equipping payment systems with offline functionality, and offers suggestions on what an offline-capable instant payment system should look like.
Risk prevention and regulatory challenges in metaverse trading
This paper focuses on the regulatory model of the metaverse, discussing the regulation of assets found within the metaverse, issues surrounding censorship and possible legal responsibilities that could arise.
Digital money and finance: a critical review of terminology
The authors put forward an etymology of key concepts and review key terminology and definitions within the sphere of decentralized finance to facilitate discussions about their merits and use cases/
Functional consistency across retail central bank digital currency and commercial bank money
The authors discuss the ‘digital pound’ and how to ensure that retail CBDCs and commercial bank money have common operational characteristics and offer functional consistency.
Can tax evasion be reduced by fostering cashless payments? A systematic literature review
This paper offers a review of literature on how different payment methods impact tax evasion, finding cash to facilitate tax evasion and digital methods of payment to make evasion more difficult.
Financial industry adoption of distributed ledger technologies: implications for central bank money settlement
The authors investigate the Eurosystem's exploring of central bank money settlement through distributed ledger technology and look forward to potential next steps.
Illustrative industry architecture to mitigate potential fragmentation across a central bank digital currency and commercial bank money
The authors put forward a means to mitigate the fragmentation risk to payments markets and retail deposits presented by the adoption of CBDCs.
The price of Bitcoin: GARCH evidence from high-frequency data
This is the first paper that estimates the price determinants of Bitcoin in a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) framework using high-frequency data.
An empirical analysis of bill payment choices
The aim of this paper is to examine which payment instruments Canadians use for paying bills and to assess the factors driving their bill payment behavior.
Should the central bank issue e-money?
Should a central bank take over the provision of e-money, a circulable electronic liability? The authors discuss how e-money technology changes the trade-off between public and private provision, and the trade-off between e-money and a central bank’s…
Transaction cost analysis of digital innovation governance in the UK energy market
The latest online early paper in our special issue on blockchain enabled energy markets