Derivatives Funding, Netting and Accounting

Christoph Burgard and Mats Kjaer

Contents

Introduction

Preface to Chapter 1

1.

Being Two-Faced over Counterparty Credit Risk

2.

Risky Funding: A Unified Framework for Counterparty and Liquidity Charges

3.

DVA for Assets

4.

Pricing CDSs’ Capital Relief

5.

The FVA Debate

6.

The FVA Debate: Reloaded

7.

Regulatory Costs Break Risk Neutrality

8.

Risk Neutrality Stays

9.

Regulatory Costs Remain

10.

Funding beyond Discounting: Collateral Agreements and Derivatives Pricing

11.

Cooking with Collateral

12.

Options for Collateral Options

13.

Partial Differential Equation Representations of Derivatives with Bilateral Counterparty Risk and Funding Costs

14.

In the Balance

15.

Funding Strategies, Funding Costs

16.

The Funding Invariance Principle

17.

Regulatory-Optimal Funding

18.

Close-Out Convention Tensions

19.

Funding, Collateral and Hedging: Arbitrage-Free Pricing with Credit, Collateral and Funding Costs

20.

Bilateral Counterparty Risk with Application to Credit Default Swaps

21.

KVA: Capital Valuation Adjustment by Replication

22.

From FVA to KVA: Including Cost of Capital in Derivatives Pricing

23.

Warehousing Credit Risk: Pricing, Capital and Tax

24.

MVA by Replication and Regression

25.

Smoking Adjoints: Fast Evaluation of Monte Carlo Greeks

26.

Adjoint Greeks Made Easy

27.

Bounding Wrong-Way Risk in Measuring Counterparty Risk

28.

Wrong-Way Risk the Right Way: Accounting for Joint Defaults in CVA

29.

Backward Induction for Future Values

30.

A Non-Linear PDE for XVA by Forward Monte Carlo

31.

Efficient XVA Management: Pricing, Hedging and Allocation

32.

Accounting for KVA under IFRS 13

33.

FVA Accounting, Risk Management and Collateral Trading

34.

Derivatives Funding, Netting and Accounting

35.

Managing XVA in the Ring-Fenced Bank

36.

XVA: A Banking Supervisory Perspective

37.

An Annotated Bibliography of XVA

In this chapter we expand previous replication results for the economic value of derivatives including funding costs and counterparty risk to several counterparties and netting sets. We also identify the specific funding and replication strategy that corresponds to a proposed accounting and pricing methodology. The resulting strategy is asymmetric in that negative net cash of the derivatives portfolio is funded at funding rate, whereas positive net cash is invested at a risk-free rate. This asymmetry makes the funding cost adjustment non-additive across netting sets. In contrast, funding transfer mechanisms that recycle positive cash for other funding purposes enable symmetric funding strategies, resulting in additive adjustments across netting sets. These can generate a higher economic value over the life of the trade than the one accounted for with the proposed methodology.

MODEL SET-UP AND ASSET DYNAMICS

Albanese and Andersen (2014) discuss how to account for over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives with funding costs and counterparty risk in a way that is consistent with general accounting principles. This is an important contribution to the debate around funding value

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