Does initial margin eliminate counterparty risk?

Andersen, Pykhtin and Sokol show the existence of residual exposure after initial margin posting

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It is widely believed that mandatory posting of initial margin should effectively eliminate counterparty risk from bilateral trading. Here, Leif Andersen, Michael Pykhtin and Alexander Sokol apply a new framework for collateralised exposure modelling that shows this is not necessarily true. The authors demonstrate that time lags in the credit support annex between trade payments and margin reposting can produce exposure spikes that substantially exceed VAR-based