LCH.Clearnet CEO calls rival 'reckless' as Fannie, Freddie clearing battle heats up

Politicians love the idea of central clearing, but with competition for this new business increasing, so are concerns some venues might not be robust enough.

Politicians love the idea of central clearing, but with competition for this new business increasing, so are concerns some venues might not be robust enough.

The slender margins charged by upstart interest rate swap clearer International Derivatives Clearinghouse (IDCH) are "bordering on reckless", says Roger Liddell, chief executive of its main rival, LCH.Clearnet. IDCH denies the claim - but it is increasing the margin it requires from clearing members in an attempt to win over big derivatives dealers, who are also sceptical the firm's existing standards, derived from the futures market, are high enough to absorb the risk associated with over-the-counter derivatives.

The two firms are competing for the huge portfolios of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which are being pushed by their regulator to transfer the bulk of their swaps to a central counterparty (CCP) by the end of this year. But Liddell's comments - made in an interview with Risk - are more than the usual competitive rough-and-tumble, he insists.

"The biggest single concern I've got is that clearing becomes adopted - which is great in general - but is adopted along the lines used in the futures market. That's nowhere near adequate to survive the stresses and the default of a large clearing member. Quite apart from the competitive aspect, that genuinely worries me," he says.

The robustness of CCPs has been relegated to a side issue in the rush to tackle the opacity and counterparty risk that paralysed the derivatives market during the crisis. Politicians and regulators have argued the stability of the whole financial system would be enhanced if dealers had used CCPs as a counterparty for the bulk of their trades, rather than another dealer. But the argument falls apart if the CCPs are less than bullet-proof.

As far as their corporate memory is concerned, it means Lehman never happened - which I think is quite remarkable

LCH.Clearnet was the only swaps clearer operating during the crisis, and Liddell argues its standards have been proven appropriate - the firm charges margin to cover a five-day move in swaps prices, deriving an estimate of the maximum possible move from the past five years of historical data. LCH.Clearnet also applies a 100% confidence level, meaning there should be no situation in which an actual five-day move exceeds the firm's estimate. By contrast, IDCH's requirements are for margin to cover a one-day move. The firm uses a 99.7% confidence level - meaning the possibility of the estimate being exceeded is small, but not non-existent - and only looks back at 125 trading days of data.

"If you think about that, as far as its corporate memory is concerned, it means Lehman never happened, which I think is quite remarkable," says Liddell.

IDCH's chief risk officer, Michael Dundon, defends the firm's approach. "I vehemently disagree that any risk management procedure we have is reckless. If our margins are lower than theirs, that is a decision they have made based on methodology I'm not aware of. But our back-tested view of how we do things - from initial margin to variation margin and our strongly stress-tested guarantee fund - is anything but reckless," he says.

Dundon says IDCH's margin standards are a minimum - the margin levels implied by those standards would be $300 per $100,000 of notional cleared on a two-year swap contract. The firm currently requires $700 of margin per $100,000 and is increasing that to cover a three-day move at the behest of the derivatives dealers whose business it is hoping to win. "Increasing margins to cover a three-day move is additive to an already high level of protection," says a spokesman for the firm. "The decision to accommodate this request was reasonable - IDCH thus will be employing a commercially acceptable level of margin that is in excess of the level needed to neutralise risk."

A further mitigating factor is IDCH's business model. Its service promises to convert interest rate swaps into interest rate swap futures - contracts that aim to replicate the economic effect and cashflows of a swap, but wipe out the tailored features of many OTC trades. The simpler futures contracts come with less price risk and should therefore attract lower margins, Dundon argues.

His rival isn't convinced. "Absolutely not. No. It's the same risk, just represented using a different financial instrument essentially," says Dan Maguire, director and head of over-the-counter interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives, risk and operations at LCH.Clearnet.

In competitive terms, the bottom line is the cost advantage IDCH enjoys is likely to be considerable, says LCH.Clearnet's Liddell. He estimates his own firm's margins could be two or three times higher than those charged by IDCH.

How will that affect the battle for Fannie and Freddie's portfolios? "I think it's impossible for any price-sensitive customer not to consider it, but our hope would be they are now in a phase where they're getting beyond the attractiveness of posting less margin and are really assessing how they feel about the residual risk," Liddell says. One path could be for the mortgage giants to split their portfolios up, clearing the simpler, shorter-dated swaps with IDCH and the more unwieldy, riskier trades with LCH.Clearnet, he adds.

The May issue of Risk will include a feature looking in detail at risk management standards for CCPs.

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Further reading

• Interest rate markets

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• 15 Apr 2010